On April 5, 2012, President Obama signed the JOBS Act (Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, HR 3606), aimed at making it easier for small businesses to raise capital. The JOBS Act is complicated. The main thing to understand about this bill is that it does not deal with any tax issues. The bill focuses on those structural and regulatory issues that inhibit startup growth, but don’t directly impact government revenue.
The bill covers multiple issues:
Allows equity-based crowdfunding – New businesses will be able raise up to $1 million in equity capital from unaccredited investors. The bill creates a number of restrictions, aimed at protecting investors. Among those restrictions are limiting individual investments to the greater of $2,000 or 5 percent of the net worth of investors if either the annual income or net worth is less than $100,000 and 10 percent of the annual income or net worth, as applicable, not to exceed $100,000, if either the annual income or net worth of the investor is equal to or greater than $100,000. and registration by intermediary platforms and issuers with the SEC. Federal law would preempt state regulations, meaning that issuers could raise funds from across the United States. The SEC has 270 days after the bill’s enactment to publish rules for crowdfunding.
Removes prohibitions on general solicitation of Regulation D offerings – Allows for advertising of Reg D 506 offerings, as long as advertisements are focused on accredited investors. Angel and incubator platforms that do not charge a fee connected to the purchase or sale of securities are exempt from broker-dealer registration. This is helpful for Web platforms such as AngelList or Gust and venture forums aimed at accredited investors. The SEC has 90 days after the bill’s enactment to published new regulations to implement this provision of the Act.
Creates an IPO “on ramp” – Reduces the cost of going public for “emerging growth companies” – those with annual revenues of less than $1 billion and after the IPO, less than $700 million in publicly traded shares. These companies receive a 5 year exemption from costly Sarbanes-Oxley 404(b) requirements such as hiring outside auditors, while still requiring some quarterly and annual SEC disclosures.
Increases threshold for Regulation A “mini public offerings” – Regulation A currently allows companies to go public and be exempted from SEC registration for offerings up to $5 million. The JOBS Act increases the offering threshold for this little used exemption to $50 million, perhaps making it a more useful option for more angel-backed companies.
Raises cap on private shareholders from 500 to 2,000 – Many private companies are forced by regulations to file as a public company once they exceed 500 shareholders and $10 million in assets. The bill increases the shareholder limit to 2,000 accredited investors or 500 unaccredited investors. The updated cap provides flexibility to companies in staying private or going public, and could also benefit secondary market platforms that can offer a more robust market for the shares of private companies. The SEC has one year to promulgate regulations on this provision of the Act.
For more information contact H. Kenneth Merritt, Jr. at 802-658-7830 or kmerritt@merritt-merritt.com.